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Schedule screen will show service appointments assigned to that user for that day (so the requirement is that you have the scheduled start date time fall on the day you selected and also the ServiceAppointment to have an AssignedResource related record referencing the ServiceResource for the currently logged in user).
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Quick note about Time Sheets: The clock icon will show up on the Profile screen if you have enabled time sheets in the Filed Service Mobile Settings (you can find this in the Setup menu on Salesforce browser as an admin). Please also make sure the service resource has time sheets and has proper permission to view them. And make sure time sheets are in the related list for the service resource.
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